Africa (Olduvai Gorge):
Research suggests that early man (c. 2 million years ago) was able to manage in a changing environment for 200,000 years.
'The findings uncovered at Oldupai Gorge and across eastern Africa indicate that early human movements across and out of Africa were possible by 2 million years ago, as hominins possessed the behavioural ability to expand into novel ecosystems.'
Part of this may be due to the use of stone tools, technology which (it is speculated) may have been employed by other hominin species such as australopithecines:
'... we know that the genus Paranthropus was present in Oldupai Gorge at this time.'
Tibet:
DNA from the hominin species knows as Denisovans has been found in sediment in Baishiya Karst Cave on the Tibetan plateau - the first such find outside Siberia. The specimens date from c. 100,000 years ago, again from 60,000 years ago, and possibly also 50k-30k ya; in the latter case that may have overlapped with the arrival of modern humans and interbreeding there or elsewhere could explain why 'present-day Tibetans carry a gene variant that aids high-altitude survival'.
- https://www.sciencenews.org/article/first-denisovan-dna-outside-siberia-found-tibetan-plateau-cave
- https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/10/dna-tracks-mysterious-denisovans-chinese-cave-just-modern-humans-arrived-nearby
- https://theconversation.com/how-midnight-digs-at-a-holy-tibetan-cave-opened-a-window-to-prehistoric-humans-living-on-the-roof-of-the-world-148927
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denisovan
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baishiya_Karst_Cave
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Conflict between Homo Sapiens and the Neanderthals
An academic at Bath University suggests there was a 100,000-year war between the two species that pitched modern humans against the Neanderthals that had preceded them out of Africa and were already thriving in Europe and Asia:
- https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/1355432/archaeology-news-human-history-neanderthals-earth-evg
- https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20201102-did-neanderthals-go-to-war-with-our-ancestors
- https://theconversation.com/when-did-humans-first-go-to-war-149637
- a revised view of Neanderthals: https://time.com/5904203/neanderthals-myths/
South Africa
Article on early man in southern South Africa 200,000 years ago, when sea levels were lower - the hunting grounds since partially inundated following the end of the Ice Age:
Peru
It seems prehistoric women could be hunters, as well as gatherers:
Dogs and humans
Parallel DNA research into human and canine genomes is sketching an 11,000-year-long (or more) history of their relationship. The five separate dog genomes have expanded to 32:
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/10/how-dogs-tracked-their-humans-across-ancient-world
Dingoes, on the other hand, seem to have arrived in western Australia some 3,500 years ago - far later than humans - and although some were recorded living with aboriginals in 1788 they don't feature much in ancient rock art; perhaps for roving hunter-gatherers dingoes were an unaffordable luxury?
